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A Michael Lerner Production
History of Jazz
(1940's-1950's)
Bebop emerged in the 1940s a as a style of jazz in great contrast to the music of the big bands. It featured a small group of musicians -- four to six players -- rather than the 10 or more associated with the big bands. The smaller size allowed more solo opportunities for the players. The music itself was characterized by more complex melodies and chord progressions, as well as more emphasis on the role the rhythm section. Furthermore, phrases within the music were often irregular in length, making bebop interesting to listen to, but in contrast to music of the big bands, unsuitable for dancing.
The development of bebop is attributed in large part to trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and alto saxophonist Charlie Parker. The unique styles of Gillespie and Parker contributed to and typified the bebop sound. They experimented with unconventional chromaticism, discordant sounds, and placement of accents in melodies. In contrast to the regular phrasing of big band music, Gillespie and Parker often created irregular phrases of odd length, and combined swing and straight eighth-note rhythms within the swing style.
Other influential bebop musicians included saxophonists Sonny Stitt and Dexter Gordon, trumpeters Red Rodney and Kenny Dorham, trombonists J.J. Johnson and Bennie Green, guitarists Tal Farlow and Kenny Burrell, pianists Oscar Peterson, Bud Powell, and Thelonius Monk, drummers Kenny Clarke and Max Roach, and bassists Charles Mingus and Paul Chambers.
Did you know?
Monroe's Uptown House and Minton's were two nightclubs in New York where musicians would jam. The roots of bebop were planted in these clubs.
Scat singing uses nonsense syllables sung to an improvised melody. "Bebop" jazz is named after one of the nonsense syllables commonly used in scat.
Hyper Music – History of Jazz
http://www.hypermusic.ca/jazz/bop.html
-------------------------------- Speech delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. (Click here to Continue)
I HAVE A DREAM
AROMATHERAPY
Part I - Eucalyptus Oil
The essential oil of eucalyptus is obtained from the leaves and branches of the eucalyptus tree. Eucalyptus globulus. A stream distillation process is used to extract the oil from the tree parts, and some 110 pounds of plant material is required to produce about 2 pounds of eucalyptus oil. The medicinal oil. The medicinal properties of eucalyptus oil were most likely first discovered by the Aborigines, the native inhabitants of Australia (where the tree originated). They used the oil as a remedy for skin problems and fever; not surprisingly, the eucalyptus tree has long been called the "fever tree." Modern herbalists rely on eucalyptus oil to treat these conditions, as well as colds and other bothersome respiratory ailments. The oil is a fine decongestant and has strong germicidal and antibacterial effects.
Therapeutic Effect: The principal active ingredient in eucalyptus oil is eucalyptol, which has strong germicidal and disinfectant properties. It also functions as a diuretic, lowers blood sugar and helps to relieve cough and fever. Eucalyptus oil is an effective analgesic and is often used in preparations designed to relieve muscle, nerve and joint pain. On a psychological level, it helps to combat exhaustion and dispels mental sluggishness.
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For a sense of well-being a few drops of a blend of eucalyptus and massage oils have a cooling and stimulating effect on both mind and body. Apply to pulse points.
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For mental fatigue eucalyptus essential oil stimulates the nervous system and promotes concentration. 4 drops eucalyptus oil combined 2 drops of lemon oil in a diffuser, is ideal to use when the psyche is affected by mental exhaustion and listlessness.
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To purify the sickroom eucalyptus oil is the ideal essence to use in a sickbed environment. Five drops of the oil in a diffuser will kill germs in the air and reduce the number of airborne bacteria. This will help keep germs from spreading.
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For wounds and abscesses the strong the strong germicidal effect of eucalyptus oil can help heal wounds, burns, ulcers and insect bites or stings. Place a few drops of the essential oil on a dressing or bandage before covering the area with it.
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To suppress coughs make a chest compress with eucalyptus and massage oils to loosen phlegm and improve lung function. An effective treatment for colds, fever, respiratory diseases, joint and muscle pain, migraines and kidney and bladder problems.
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For scarlet fever a few drops of eucalyptus oil added to a diffuser can help relieve the flu-like symptoms of scarlet fever.
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To improve the sauna to get the best detoxifying effects of a sauna, place 3 drops of the oil in a ladleful of water and pour it over the hot stones.
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Insects dislike the odor of eucalyptus oil. To make an insect repellent, add a few drops of the oil to massage oil. Or place a few drops in a diffuser to keep the room pest-free.
Be Careful! Too much eucalyptus oil can potentially irritate the skin, so be sure to use the exact amount specified in the preparations listed here. Combining eucalyptus oil with massage oil reduces the chance of irritation. Keep eucalyptus oil away from children under age 6.
Before undertaking the advice contained in this publication, you should consult with a health care professional who can best assess your individual needs, symptoms and treatment.
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